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Georgian ((グルジア語:ქართული), ''Kartuli'') is a Kartvelian language spoken by about 4.1 million people primarily in Georgia, but also in Russia, northern Turkey in previously Georgian-controlled territories, and the diaspora (such as in Iran, Azerbaijan, Europe etc.). It is a highly standardized language, with established literary and linguistic norms dating back to the 5th century. There are at least eighteen dialects of the language. Standard Georgian is largely based on Kartlian dialect.〔(''Georgian Dialects'' ), The ARMAZI project. Retrieved on March 28, 2007〕 It has over centuries wiped out significant regional linguistic differences within Georgia, particularly through the centralized educational system and the mass media. Dialects still retain their unique features in terms of phonology, morphology, syntax, and vocabulary, but they are virtually entirely intelligible with each other.〔Manana Kock Kobaidze (2004-02-11) (''From the history of Standard Georgian'' )〕 The three other Kartvelian languages—Mingrelian, Svan and Laz—are sisters to Georgian, but are only partially intelligible to speakers of Standard Georgian or other Georgian dialects. Some of the basic variations among the Georgian dialects include: *The presence of ''y'' (ჲ) and ''w'' (ჳ) before certain vowels; *The presence of ''q'' (ჴ) and ''q (ყ) sounds; *Distinction between long and short vowels; *Extra vowel sounds not found in Standard Georgian; *The usage of ''n'' (ნ) plural form; *Plural adjectival forms; *Non-standard verb forms; *Archaisms and borrowings from neighboring languages not found in Standard Georgian.〔 ==Classification== The Georgian dialects are classified according to their geographic distribution, reflecting a traditional ethnographic subdivision of the Georgian people. Beyond the Western and Eastern categories, some scholars have also suggested a Southern group. These can be further subdivided into five main dialect groups as proposed by Gigineishvili, Topuria, and K'avtaradze (1961): 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Georgian dialects」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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